AI Risk Assessment: All Jobs

Every job ranked by AI automation risk. Based on O*NET skills data, academic research, and real-world displacement evidence.

Critical Risk (75-100%)

These roles face imminent disruption. Action needed now.

Data Entry Clerk

Administration & Office

95%
Critical Risk|~1yr|Declining

Enters, updates, and maintains data in computer systems and databases. Verifies accuracy of data and corrects errors.

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Telemarketer

Marketing & Sales

94%
Critical Risk|~1yr|Declining

Makes outbound calls to potential customers to sell products or services, or to solicit donations.

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Bookkeeper

Finance & Accounting

90%
Critical Risk|~2yr|Declining

Records financial transactions, maintains ledgers, reconciles accounts, and produces financial reports for small to medium businesses.

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Copywriter / Content Writer

Creative & Design

85%
Critical Risk|~2yr|Declining

Creates written content for websites, marketing materials, advertisements, blogs, and social media. Researches topics and adapts tone for different audiences.

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Translator / Interpreter

Media & Communications

82%
Critical Risk|~2yr|Declining

Converts written or spoken content from one language to another, maintaining meaning, tone, and cultural nuances.

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Customer Service Representative

Customer Service

80%
Critical Risk|~2yr|Declining

Handles customer enquiries, complaints, and requests via phone, email, chat, or in person. Resolves issues and provides product/service information.

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Graphic Designer

Creative & Design

78%
Critical Risk|~3yr|Declining

Creates visual content for print and digital media including logos, branding, marketing materials, websites, and social media graphics.

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Insurance Underwriter

Finance & Accounting

77%
Critical Risk|~3yr|Declining

Evaluates insurance applications, assesses risk, determines coverage terms, and sets premiums based on analysis of applicant data.

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High Risk (50-74%)

Significant automation expected within 3-5 years.

Retail Cashier / Checkout Operator

Retail & Hospitality

73%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Processes customer purchases at point-of-sale terminals. Handles cash, card payments, and customer queries at the checkout.

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HR Administrator

HR & Recruitment

72%
High Risk|~2yr|Declining

Manages employee records, processes payroll queries, handles onboarding paperwork, and supports HR policy implementation.

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Civil Servant (Administrative)

Administration & Office

72%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Processes applications, manages public records, handles citizen enquiries, and implements government policy in administrative roles across the civil service.

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NHS Administrator / Medical Secretary

Administration & Office

70%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Manages patient records, schedules appointments, processes referrals, handles correspondence, and supports clinical teams in NHS or healthcare settings.

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Paralegal / Legal Assistant

Legal

68%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Supports solicitors and barristers by researching case law, drafting documents, managing files, and preparing for hearings and trials.

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Office Manager / Administrator

Administration & Office

68%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Coordinates office operations, manages schedules, handles correspondence, oversees supplies, and ensures smooth daily running of a workplace.

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Accountant

Finance & Accounting

65%
High Risk|~4yr|Stable

Prepares financial statements, ensures tax compliance, advises on financial planning, and audits financial records for businesses and individuals.

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Warehouse Operative

Transport & Logistics

65%
High Risk|~5yr|Declining

Picks, packs, and dispatches goods in warehouse facilities. Operates equipment, manages stock, and ensures order accuracy.

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Recruitment Consultant

HR & Recruitment

62%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Sources, screens, and places candidates for job vacancies. Manages relationships with both clients and candidates throughout the hiring process.

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Pharmacy Technician

Healthcare

60%
High Risk|~5yr|Stable

Assists pharmacists in dispensing medications, managing inventory, and providing customer service in retail or hospital pharmacy settings.

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Financial Analyst

Finance & Accounting

58%
High Risk|~4yr|Stable

Analyses financial data, builds models, creates reports, and provides investment or business recommendations based on quantitative analysis.

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Photographer

Creative & Design

58%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Captures images for commercial, editorial, events, portraits, and artistic purposes using professional camera equipment and editing software.

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Journalist / Reporter

Media & Communications

55%
High Risk|~3yr|Declining

Researches, writes, and publishes news stories across print, digital, broadcast, and online media. Investigates events and interviews sources.

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Estate Agent / Real Estate Agent

Marketing & Sales

55%
High Risk|~5yr|Stable

Helps clients buy, sell, and rent properties. Conducts viewings, negotiates deals, and manages the transaction process.

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Software Developer / Programmer

IT & Software

52%
High Risk|~4yr|Stable

Designs, develops, tests, and maintains software applications. Writes code, fixes bugs, and collaborates with teams to build digital products.

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Medium Risk (25-49%)

Some tasks will change, but core role likely survives with adaptation.

Lorry Driver / Truck Driver

Transport & Logistics

48%
Medium Risk|~8yr|Stable

Drives heavy goods vehicles to transport goods across local, regional, and long-distance routes. Manages deliveries, loading, and vehicle maintenance checks.

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Data Analyst

IT & Software

45%
Medium Risk|~4yr|Stable

Collects, processes, and analyses data to help organisations make informed decisions. Creates dashboards, reports, and data visualisations.

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Marketing Manager

Marketing & Sales

40%
Medium Risk|~5yr|Stable

Develops and implements marketing strategies, manages campaigns across channels, analyses performance data, and leads marketing teams.

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Solicitor / Lawyer

Legal

38%
Medium Risk|~6yr|Stable

Provides legal advice, drafts contracts and legal documents, represents clients in negotiations and some court proceedings, and ensures regulatory compliance.

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Project Manager

Administration & Office

35%
Medium Risk|~6yr|Stable

Plans, executes, and oversees projects from inception to completion. Manages timelines, budgets, resources, and stakeholder expectations.

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Sales Representative (B2B)

Marketing & Sales

35%
Medium Risk|~6yr|Stable

Sells products or services to businesses. Builds client relationships, conducts product demos, negotiates contracts, and meets revenue targets.

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UX Designer

IT & Software

30%
Medium Risk|~7yr|Growing

Designs user experiences for digital products. Conducts user research, creates wireframes and prototypes, and ensures products are intuitive and accessible.

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Teacher (Secondary School)

Education

28%
Medium Risk|~10yr|Stable

Plans and delivers lessons, assesses student progress, manages classroom behaviour, and supports student development across academic subjects.

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Low Risk (0-24%)

Strong human elements that AI cannot replicate. These careers are growing.

Teaching Assistant

Education

22%
Low Risk|~12yr|Stable

Supports classroom teachers by helping students with learning activities, managing behaviour, preparing resources, and providing one-to-one or small group support.

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Product Manager

IT & Software

20%
Low Risk|~10yr|Growing

Defines product strategy, prioritises features, works with engineering and design teams, and ensures products meet market needs and business goals.

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Cybersecurity Analyst

IT & Software

15%
Low Risk|~15yr|Growing

Protects computer systems and networks from cyber threats. Monitors security systems, investigates breaches, and implements protective measures.

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Nurse (Registered)

Healthcare

12%
Low Risk|~15yr|Growing

Provides direct patient care, administers medications, monitors vital signs, coordinates with doctors, and supports patients through treatment and recovery.

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Physiotherapist

Healthcare

10%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Helps patients recover from injuries, manage chronic conditions, and improve mobility through physical exercises, manual therapy, and rehabilitation programmes.

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Social Worker

Healthcare

10%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Supports vulnerable individuals and families through assessment, intervention, advocacy, and safeguarding. Works with children, adults, and communities.

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AI / Machine Learning Engineer

IT & Software

10%
Low Risk|~15yr|Growing

Designs, builds, and deploys AI and machine learning systems. Develops models, processes data, and creates AI-powered features for products and services.

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Mental Health Counsellor / Therapist

Healthcare

8%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Provides therapeutic support for mental health issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship problems. Uses evidence-based techniques to help clients.

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Care Assistant / Home Carer

Healthcare

8%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Provides personal care, medication support, and companionship to elderly or disabled individuals in their homes or care settings.

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Electrician

Trades & Manual

5%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Installs, maintains, and repairs electrical systems in homes, businesses, and industrial settings. Ensures compliance with safety regulations.

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Plumber

Trades & Manual

5%
Low Risk|~20yr|Growing

Installs, repairs, and maintains water supply, heating systems, and drainage in residential and commercial buildings.

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